The Outsiders Effects of Social Class - 1857 Words

Social class describes the different layers that exist in society. These layers, or classes in society, are a division that civilization has been running on ever since the beginning of mankind. In most modern societies, our system of social class division is one of opportunity. We experience a good deal of social mobility, where people through generations or in their own lifetime can move up or down the social scale. By examining the many different perceptions of social class along with S.E. Hintons The Outsiders, it is illustrated that social class has an impact on people while they are growing up, and will usually deny them from rising above adversity. Many people have tried to figure out exactly what it is that makes up a†¦show more content†¦An example of this would be the education available to people of a higher social class. It is hard for many poor people to go to college because of high tuition costs. While scholarships are usually available, one must still maintain a high grade point average or excel in a special field to achieve one. Because many poor people come from more fragile neighborhoods, there is generally a lack of motivation on the part of the school, family and mostly the student (Kearl). In a 1979 Carnegie study, a childs future was found to be determined largely by social status, not brains. Consider Bobby and Jimmy, two second-graders who both pay attention in the classroom, do well, and have nearly identical I.Q.s. Yet Bobby is the son of a successful lawyer; Jimmys works infrequently as a custodial assistant. Despite their similarities, the difference in the circumstances to which they were born makes it 27 times more likely that Bobby will get a job that by the time he is in late 40s will pay him an income in the top tenth of all incomes in this country. Jimmy has about a one in eight chance of earning even a median income. (Small Futures: Children, Inequality, and the Limits of Liberal Reform, Richard de Lone). While the Socs are in no way morally superior to the Greasers, they are given a higher opportunity to succeed solely based on their high-ranking social class. Self worth canShow MoreRelatedOutsider Insiders And Outsiders1323 Words   |  6 Pagesand outsiders are prevalent in society. This is due to human nature desiring to belong. It is specifically evident in teenagers due to their social environment and fear of being an outcast in their school, therefore forming social structures according to stereotypes and their differences even leading to family conflict. Teenagers are naturally subjected to power, the dominant groups having influence over other groups. Location plays a big role too in who is considered an insider or an outsider. PeopleRead MoreCases And Labeling Theory : Case Analysis971 Words   |  4 Pagescop was white and McCleskey was black. During this trail the court had argued that there has been observed to be discriminated in various cases throughout our system. Thanks to the evaluation of David Baldus in his study, we can see the positive effect of the real outcomes with these cases. â€Å"Also the recognition of thes e published cases that have been passed in the protection against racial discrimination in appeals, which is called the Charging and Sentence study† (Baldus, 2015). There have beenRead MoreThe Outsiders By Francis Ford Coppola962 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Outsiders† a film directed by Francis Ford Coppola’s in the 1980s is about two social groups of teenagers who happens to live in the same town and attends the same high school. Although both two social groups live in the same vicinity, they live a completely different life. A group identified as the South-Side Socials (aka â€Å"socs†), are the upper class teenagers, while the Greasers, are the less fortunate kids, who just so happen to live on the wrong side of town. These two social groups haveRead More2002 Ap Euro Dbq: Manchester Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Industrialization on Manchester, England 1750-1850 England in the 18th and 19th centuries changed dramatically as a result of the Industrial Revolution, which had many effects on the social structure of England and increased the gap between the rich and the poor. Because of this, industrialized English towns such as Manchester were both criticized and admired by poets, politicians, journalists, and outsiders, who were particularly from France. The most powerful points of view wereRead MoreThe Outsiders By Francis Coppola957 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Outsiders† a film directed by Francis Coppola’s is about two social groups of teenagers who attends the same high school and live in the same town. Although both two social groups live in the same area, they live a completely different life. A group known as the South-Side Socials (aka â€Å"socs†), are the upper class teenagers, while the Greasers, are the less fortunate kids, who just so happen to live on the wrong side of town. These two social groups have h ad a conflict against one another forRead MoreThe Sociological Theory Of Howard Beckers Labeling Theory1048 Words   |  5 Pagessociologist- a person who has shaped the labeling theory. In Outsiders Studies in the Sociology of Deviance,† by Howard Becker (1963), he pointed out that social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders.† (Becker, 1963) In this sense, deviation is not the substance of the form of activity of a person who makes, but that is the effect of others applying the rules of punishment for the offenderRead MoreCultural Culture Courtship And Marriage1268 Words   |  6 Pagesperspective, assuming an outside view towards your culture and taking an inside look at another. Over the course of this paper, I will explain my American Culture courtship and marriage traditions through the etic eye to show the perspective to an outsider, and I will examine an aspect of the Sub-Saharan African polygyny marriage from an emic perspective to become familiar with this lifestyle. In this section, I will examine the American culture in courtship and marriage from an eticRead MoreThe Representation Of Race, Class And Gender925 Words   |  4 PagesThe representations of race, class and gender in the media promote various forms of oppressions. Ideologies of class that commemorate the upper class and diminish the lower class are seen in many programs. Ideologies of gender that discriminate women and promote sexism, ideologies of race that misrepresent people of color are mostly created by people who have different perspectives and ideologies. For instance in a 2008 television commercial for the Japanese cell phone companies, a monkey is shownRead MoreThe Ice Man, Haruki Marukami969 Words   |  4 Pagescomments on the turbulent emotional effects of marrying outside of one’s class. Through marriage, the identities of women in societies that hold strong ties to the past vanish and transform into the statuses of their husbands. This story portrays how the wife changes to take on the identity of her husband. â€Å"The Ice Man [isn’t] really made out of ice†, he is an outsider that is deemed beneath or less worthy than the group (Murakami 969). Social stratification plays a large role inRead MoreLiterature Written For Young Adults Tends To Leave Behind1471 Words   |  6 Pagespowerful social institutions. The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton continues these major themes of the genre through its depiction of fourteen-year-old Ponyboy Curtis and his attempts to understand his own social position.. The boys all belong to the same general age group, but it is significant that Ponyboy and his friend Johnny are the youngest members of the gang. There is a contrast between the attitudes of the older members of the gang and the younger members that clearly highlights the effect of disillusionment

The Ineffective Pain Management Regimes - 1603 Words

A. Ineffective Pain Management Regimes Mackey (2015) has argued that pain is subjective symptom and is derivative of several biochemical, psychological, and socioeconomic factors, and different cultural groups experience and expresses pain differentially. Jibb et el (2015) have noted that causes of pain are numerus and they have potential affect pain management differently. Pain can be a symptom of a disease, or it can result from invasive treatment and diagnostic procedures. The prefrontal cortex has neurophysiological pathways that responds to pain signals, thereby regulating emotions, cognitions, memory, and attention (Barrett Chang, 2016). Pain is the most common chief complaint among patients with a variety of diseases, and it†¦show more content†¦In some cases, pain management is provided by an interdisciplinary team which may include physician, psychology, physical and occupational therapy, pharmacy, social work, massage therapy, acupuncture, and nurses (Mackey, 2015). In interdisciplinary approach, therefore, psychological and physical therapies are integrated in the pain management regime. Because of the increasing accept ¬ability of nonpharmacological pain management therapies, there is a need evaluate their effectiveness (Jibb et el, 2015). Nurses have a unique opportunity to enhance the use of these therapies because of their role in patient care coordination and they are also in direct contact with patients more than other disciplines (Alaloul et el, 2015). B. PICO Table P (patient/problem) A 35-year-old male patient with history of drug abuse who is experiencing severe post-operative pain. I (intervention/indicator) Using music therapy as a non-pharmacological adjunct to pain management. C (comparison) no adjunct therapy to pain management O (outcome) reduced pain to acceptable level B1. PICO Question: For a 35-year-old male patient with history of drug abuse who is experiencing severe post-operative pain, how effective is music therapy as a non-pharmacological adjunct to pain management compared to not using adjunct therapy? C. Describe the search strategy C1. keywords used for the search: music therapy pain managementShow MoreRelatedPain Management935 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the problem of management of acute and chronic pain. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects proper pain management on nursing practice, population most effected by chronic and acute pain, ways to improve pain management from a nursing perspective. Practice Setting Problem The proper managing of acute and chronic pain is a hot topic in the field of nursing. The poor management of pain by nursing is well a documented problem. Of the five vital signs pain is the most subjectiveRead MoreThe Human Body Is The Liver1307 Words   |  6 Pagesencephalopathy, jaundice, hypoxia, ecchymosis and high risk of infection are not uncommon with patients like Mr McGrath (Chalasani, 2013), (Robinson, 2016) and (Moore Aithal, 2006). A liver transplant may be considered if initial treatment is ineffective (medication and dietary changes). Mr McGraths liver function test (LFT) displays abnormal results which may indicate the evidence of his liver disease. Ascites due to Cirrhosis Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity whichRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legalized?1551 Words   |  7 Pagesdrugs that have amazing medical benefits. It is not made available to thousands of patients that could gain quality of live from it. Many Americans are forced to use second rate drugs to help them deal with conditions such as nausea, glaucoma, chronic pain, and multiple sclerosis. Why does the â€Å"world’s best health care system† use drugs that are not as effective as marijuana, but have more side effects? The United States Federal Government is going on a personal crusade to ban legalized marijuana. BeforeRead MoreNursing Care Of The Emergency Department With The Primary Compliant Of Chest Pain1912 Words   |  8 PagesIt is important for graduate nurses to be familiar with chest pain management and therapeutic interventions as chest pain can evolve rapidly and require quick responses from nurses and collaborative teams. This essay will critically analyse the nursing care of a patient presenting to the emergency department with the primary compliant of chest pain. In this particular case, the patient’s chest pain is being caused an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) possibly an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (KervinenRead MorePrinciples of Palliative Care, Chronic and Complex Care Essay1811 Words   |  8 Pagesoffered to those whose illness cannot be cured. It helps people to live as well as possible while they manage their illness. This assignment discusses the principles of chronic, complex and palliative care. It will also looks at the assessment and management strategies in chronic, complex and palliative care. Furthermore, this will look at case study of 70 year old man diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the right lung. The topics to be covered in this case study are nursing history of the client, nursingRead MoreThe Oil Prices : Comparison Of Policy Between Kuwait And The Uae1605 Words   |  7 Pagescountries the private sector has been highly influenced by the public sector. 3) Financial sector policies: exporters ought to benefit from strengthening liquidity management, enhancing early-warning systems, addressing concentration risks in the financial system, and deepening the financial sector. 4) More flexible exchange rate regime: Some countries could consider greater flexibility, but others will have to rely almost entirely on fiscal policy adjustment to attain a current account that is consistentRead MoreConcepts And Theories Of Nursing Module 41825 Words   |  8 PagesAnderson will need nursing care to assist her with meeting all activities of daily living. The nurse will need to identify any areas where Mrs. Anderson will need assistance. Activities that need to be assessed are bathing, medication management, nutrition management, mobility, environmental hazards and independent living. From the information provided it seems that Mrs. Anderson, although struggling to keep to a schedule, is trusted and able to care for her grandchildren in the mornings. It wouldRead MoreArgumentative Paper Euthanasia2132 Words   |  9 Pagesphysician-assisted suicide (PAS). Advances in medical technology sometimes artificially prolong a patients suffering and deny them the rig ht to a peaceful, quiet death. Many terminally ill people, who suffer from tremendous physical and psychological pain, would rather opt to die humane and dignified than to be kept alive artificially. Such unnatural extension of a person’s anguish has lead to an increasing number of euthanasia supports, who view the practice of euthanasia as ways and means to a peacefulRead MoreEssay on Case Study on International Joint Business Ventures2416 Words   |  10 PagesExecutive Summary Attaining global competence when entering into international joint ventures, in order to be successful, is dependent on developing a strategic approach to Human Resource Management (HRM) that ties to Business Strategies and to the overall Organization’s mission, vision, goals and objectives. Through problem analysis of this case, this paper will show evidence that international initiatives must be tailored to implement HR policies and practices that will complement the workforceRead MoreThe Effects Of Sickle Cell Disease On Daily Life2454 Words   |  10 Pagesdisorder found primarily in minority descents throughout the world. Because of recent accomplishments in medical research, those diagnosed with Sickle Cell disease are able to lead much more fulfilling lives instead of lives filled with excruciating pain. Though crises caused by the disease process may be unavoidable, comfort can be achieved through proper nursing care. This paper will explain the obstacles caused b y sickle cell disease in a patient currently consumed by crisis.

Slaughterhouse Five and Hamlet free essay sample

The delirium that takes place throughout their adventures continuously brings them one step closer to finding the true meaning of life. From the very beginning, the Play shows that Hamlet is not living the life that everyone would expect a prince to live. His father is dead and his uncle conquered Hamlet’s throne, while declaring Gertrude as his property. Also Hamlet and his love Ophelia are told they cannot be together, which truly initiates the Play. Hamlet doesn’t understand why his life turned out this way. He is often confused and doesn’t know why his life seems to be ‘stuck’ in this horrific cycle of unfortunate events, or if there is more to his life, or a greater purpose. â€Å"To be or not to Ibrahim 2 be, that is the question† (3. 1. 57) . This is indeed the question! Is his life meant to go onto the path of suicide? Does existence offer happiness or is death a more enticing option? After speaking with the ghost that is his father’s spirit; he begins to slowly understand that he does have a purpose. That realization is completely defined by the killing of Claudius. As Hamlet pretends to be insane, it helps him see more clearly how people act around him. It also allowed Hamlet to verify Claudius’s love for him as non genuine. Hamlet fakes being ill-minded to enable him to revenge his father’s death. A genius defence would be his obvious insanity. However, Hamlet is very aware of his surroundings and clearly figures out all the pieces to the dilemma. â€Å" I am but mad north-north west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw†(2. 2:351-352) this clearly shows that he is pretending to be mad, and that he is extremely observant as to what is going on around im and his uncle Claudius. Similarly, everyone who knows Billy Pilgrim thinks he is mad. The reason why people have this assumption is because he claims that he travels through time involuntarily. Billy has claimed that he also travelled to another planet with aliens. The majority of Billy’s travels take place in his time of struggle and heartache. Fo r example, he keeps on going back to WWII; mostly the bombing of Dresden, and often the end of the world. Billy always sees the end of the world ending in an exact way. The only moments in which Billy is actually progressing with his life is when he is travelling. Billy’s Journey in the search of the meaning of life starts and ends with his time travel, in other words his insanity, much like Hamlet’s. â€Å"We know how the world ends and it has nothing to do with Earth, except that it gets wiped out too† (01:26:20) this quote explains that he has seen the end of the world and that the aliens from planet Tralfamadore have told him why and how it happens. The bombing of Dresden is a significant event which makes Ibrahim 3 him insane. I was there, I was there in Dresden† (7:5:13) this was said in the hospital bed when the crazy man beside him was talking about the bombing and under Billy’s breathe he said â€Å" I was there, I was there in Dresden† †(7:5:14) the man beside him thought he was crazy and paid no attention to Billy. However in reality he re-lived it hundreds of times. The most challenging mome nt in Hamlets life was the main purpose in his search of the meaning of life, and then it finally hits him. â€Å" Haste me know’t, that I with wings as swift as meditation or the thoughts of love may sweep to my revenge† (1. 5:29-31) This was an eye-opener for Hamlet. He knows that it doesn’t matter if he lives or dies, as long as the revenge of his father’s death is accomplished. It is his absolute definition of happiness, whether he is alive or death. His father’s death must be avenged. His purpose was so strong that he dedicated the rest of his life to achieve his goal; he did not care how long it took him to succeed, because once he did it, he could rest and die feeling fulfilled. Hamlet created a plan and a strong strategy to kill Claudius without being killed afterward. He knew that if he pretended to be ill minded, everyone would excuse what he has done. However he realises that getting close enough to Claudius alone, was beginning to seem impossible. â€Å"But I am pigeon-livered and lack gall to make oppression bitter, or ere this I should have fatted all the region kites with this slave’s offal. Bloody, bawdy villain! Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless villain! O vengeance! Why, what an ass am I! This is most brave, That I, the son of a dear father murdered, Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell, Must, like a whore, unpack my heart with words And fall a-cursing like a very drab, A scullion! Ibrahim 4 Fie upon’t, foh! About, my brain. —Hum, I have heard that guilty creatures sitting at a play have, by the very cunning of the scene, been struck so to the soul that presently they have proclaimed their malefactions. For murder, though it have no tongue, will speak with most miraculous organ. I’ll have these players play something like the murder of my father before mine uncle. I’ll observe his looks. I’ll tent him to the quick. If he do blench, I know my course. The spirit that I have seen† (2. 2:537-560) this quote demonstrates his passion and dedication to his mission of killing Claudius to achieve happiness. Billy Pilgrims purpose in finding the meaning of life is figuring out what everything he sees through time travel means. Billy Pilgrim has to understand why he sees his life and death many times, and why he sees the bombing of Dresden the most. â€Å"Billy Pilgrim has come unstuck in time†(2. 23:1) this simply means he has no control over where he travels; Billy opens a door in 1955 and exits another door into 1941. Billy needs to figure out why those years are so significant. It all begins to hit Billy when he says â€Å"And even if the wars didn’t keep coming like glaciers, there would still be plain old death†(1. ) I believe that Billy found his search for the meaning of life at that moment! He figures out that everything dies including the world, even the Universe. Nothing can prevent the events of death and destruction. In one way or another, it will happen. Billy Pilgrim discovered the meaning of life through time travel. Time travel allowed him to realize and experience much of his revelations. It explains why he would see an event over and over again Ibrahim 5 Hamlet and Billy Pilgrim have different types of insanities. For example Hamlet’s insanity is not real; he pretends to be insane in order to kill his uncle and get away with it. Though this be madness, yet there is method in’t† Although Hamlets insanity was an act, he did lose a lot. He lost his mother, his uncle, his friend, the love of his life and he lost his own life. However, all of this was his purpose and it reached an end, and the end was the meaning of life for Hamlet. â€Å"For Hamlet and the trifling of his favor, hold it a fashion and a toy in blood, a violet in the youth of primy nature, forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting, the perfume and suppliance of a minute. No more†(1. 3:5-10) Billy Pilgrim is completely sane; however people just do not believe him. Billy says to himself â€Å"it’s true, it’s all true, every minute of it† (2. 37) This proves to me that he is not lying to anybody, it shows that he truly believes in what happened. Billy learned a lot from the Tralfamdorians, most of all he that â€Å"A dead person is in bad condition at that particular moment†(2. 34) We are a cycle of living things until the universe ends, which he sees throughout his time-travel. Billy Pilgrim is a man who coped with the hardest times of his life by learning to escape through his excursions in made belief travel. He has experienced WWII thousands of times; he is the only person who has ever done that. That is truly remarkable and inspiring, especially to do that with an open mind each time. In retrospect, the meaning of life was different for both these characters, however they both accomplished the search through insanity and through something greater than themselves. The search for the meaning of life becomes quite difficult for Hamlet and Billy Pilgrim. They both experience horrific adventures in their lives along with the insanity that has been magnetic Ibrahim 6 to their personalities. The delirium that takes place throughout their adventures continuously brings them one step closer to finding the meaning of life. This has proved the journey of the two characters, and has shown the world that insanity is not such a bad alternative to sanity. It may even alleviate pain and offer happiness and purpose. Ibrahim 7 WORK CITED Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Spark Publishing, . Shakespeare side by side Plain english) (3. 1:57) (2. 2:351-52) (1. 5:29-31) (2. 2:537-60) (1. 3:5-10) VONNEGUT,KURT. Slaughterhouse five. New York, New York: Dell Publishing, 1969. A Division of Random House Inc. (01:26:20) (2. 34) (7. 5:13)(7. 5:14) (2. 23:1) (1. 4) (2. 37)

Archives Unique Collections

Archives Unique Collections Introduction Archives contain collections of unique materials, whichare records of value. They may be records of an organization or of private individuals. The materials are not oldin the real sense, but are preserved in a variety of formats in which they appear. The difference between the archival materials and the library materials is that in the archives,the materials are arranged in groups on the basis of their information content.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Archives Unique Collections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This refers to the institution which selects, preserves, and avails to the public those materials of permanent value(Forde,2007).Archives are vital as resources that promote knowledge and efficient operation of the institutions which they serve. They support and nourish teaching and learning at that institutions and within the wider intellectual community (Forde, 2007). The archives may collect and preserve the materials, which are not official records to the public or institutions; but which document the history, development and accomplishments of the institutions (Forde,2007).The records in an archive possess some basic features which distinguishes them from any other form of records. These features include; Inter-relatedness -They come as a result of accomplishments or processes of lifeand therefore, they appear like specific frames of motion picture films, and structures of materials closely knit that they cannot be utilized in absence of each other; if the meaning and integrity is to be preserved.They naturally occur in a contemporary way unlike the personal documents, which are deliberately made for history purposes. Contextual element -The value of the records is drawn from their contexts and therefore, the archive keepers should identify accurately, the context of use and origin of the respective records.They should also ensure maintenance of the records in ways t hat preserve their originality. Evidential -Records are a representation of past occurrences,human experiences and accomplishments and they therefore give objective testimonies ofoccurrences or documented agreements. The importance of archival materials cannot be overemphasized.The institutions select, preserve and make accessible, the records to the public for legal,financial,and administrative purposes (Forde, 2007).The public records administered by the government agencies, for example are able to maintain evidence of the government operations.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This ensures accountability to the public, where the citizens are able to closely monitor and evaluate the governments conduct and performance. Privateinstitutions likechurches, businesses and museums also establish archives for keeping their records. Preserving records in archives Preser vation refers to the process of protecting documents,with an aim of minimizing loss of information and slowing down processes that would lead to physical deterioration of the materials;for the sake of the future generations (Proni, 2007). It is done through a variety of measures which must involve everyone handling the materials. The documents have to be placed, displayed and handled in ways that reduce the risk of damage, taking into account their shape, size and physical condition (Proni, 2007). The records preserved in the archives contain sensitive and vital information;thereforethey require proper storage and access strategies. These measures are put in placeto minimize the damages, which may lead to loss of valuable information. Without adequate protection, these materials deteriorate and are rendered useless. The preservation activities provide a range of solutions,under which the materials are made accessible to the public.The extent of preservation dependson the size,maturi ty,needs and resources available to facilitate the program (Banks, 2000).Various strategies may be employed to ensure protection of the records. They include; Holding maintenance program This utilizes a range of preservation procedures, with emphasis on improving the housing and storage surroundings of the records(Banks,2000).The procedures are applied to the entire collection with priorities based on evaluation of the needs of the users(P.56).This offers a great physical protection and enhances chemical stability of the resources(Banks,2000).The procedures include: Proper housing All the permanent and temporary storage areas must be structurally sound and strong enough, to bear severe weather conditions or malicious attacks. Thematerials maintained in the archives should be those that are able to withstand both the internal and the external surrounding conditions of the building.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Archives Unique Collections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The situation of the building has to be secure, i.e.distant from military installations or any chemicalindustries (p.2).There should be no vegetation in close proximity.The area around the building should be a clear perimeter. Shelving The storage areas should utilize shelving, which is a basic methodfor preserving and exhibiting materials in the archive.Wooden shelving is often discouraged since it damages the organic materials and is a brooding site for insects. Metal shelving is therefore preferredsince it provides a standard design and rigidity. A non-toxic paint can be applied, using the powder coating method to prevent rusting and improve the aesthetic value. The shelves must be well paced between the walls to aid ventilation and the bottom shelves should not be too close to the ground to protect them against flooding (p.4). Boxing It’s a recommendation that all the materials be boxed,in high quality material box es, which are not prone to chemical attacks. Boxingprovides a dual advantage for both packaging and protection of the materials from hostile environmental conditions. The materials are free from insects, fire or water damage. Boxing also provides a means of stabilizing the materials, which are fragile or whose reference has been retained as originals, while their copies are in active use. Spacing There should be enough space provided for storage of the archive equipment. They should avoid introducing the physically unhealthy records to the already existing records. Those records are likely to infect the others and as a result damage them. Adequate spacing ensures proper isolation of such materials, which are affected by moisture, fungi or infected by insects. Proper spacing also promotes harmonious working environments under which both the staff and the archive users will not feel under threat or intimidated by overcrowding or interference of their own personal space.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The environment Factors like temperature,humidity,light and pollution are conditions that should be put into consideration in the housing program for archival records. Most of the materials in the archives cannot tolerate severe conditions. This accelerates their damage and deterioration. Paper made materials can withstand drier conditions compared to those made of vellum or animal skins, therefore the temperature conditions should be varied appropriately depending on, the type of materials stored therein. The light exposure to the items on exhibit should be measured and controlled. This would also limit the exhibition duration, where the light sensitive materials would stay on exhibition for shorter lengths of time. The materials should also be safeguarded against harmful substances like gases and fumes, which would interfere with quality and originality of the materials like fabrics. Security measures The archives hold vital materials, which include paper records, maps,films,photo graphs and electronic records; which cannot be replaced once lost.There is need to have tight security programs,to protect both the staff and the records from threats of theft, unauthorized disclosure or sabotage (Ritzenthaler, 2003). Appropriate measures should be taken to ensure the security of the archival records listings are done in detail, putting tags and marks where appropriate; for proper identificationof the materialsin case they are lost, stolen or damaged. There should be systems for tracking, issuing and returning items borrowed, in order to minimize unknown disappearances. The storage areas, both permanent and temporary, should be safe and secure to minimize theft risks or other malicious damages. There should be strict and controlled access to the stores, with heavy doors, sufficient locks and regular supervision; where visitors have to pass through a security checkpoint as they get in to the archive. The staff maintaining the area, including the cleaners should be we ll supervised within the established procedures to ensure that security is not compromised in their presence. The rooms should also contain cameras or desks where the staffs are able to monitor the users. Emphasis should also be laid on security measures, which would involve an emergency preparedness component (p.56), like an alarm. Thissystem includes a computerized security control unit,which would monitor intrusion of alarms and the cameras. More to be put into consideration is the structure,construction, location and the surroundings of the facility together with enough fire detection measures and suppression measures (Banks, 2000).The security measures should be applied on daily routines for effectiveness. It’s also vital to constantly train the staff and the users on the importance and rationale of ensuring security in the facility. This would involve teaching factors like emergency preparedness, where each archival participant is made aware of fire associated risks and how to deal with them. Handling of the materials Institutional policies and procedures can also pose a negative contribution to the sound preservation procedures;this occurs especially in the handling of the materials, during transfer and in the storage procedures (Banks, 2000).Proper handling collection procedures should be provided, including: Providing the users with well stipulated guidelines, on using and handling the archival materials; which would prohibit such vices like eating,drinking,smoking or bringing overcoats and bags in the archive (Ellis, 1993). Reduce handling of original archival documents; instead utilize their copies whenever appropriate. Setting up a workspace dedicated for reading and research, which is clean and spacious. Encouraging the staff and users to handle the materials carefully, with clean hands or wear cotton gloves when handling the sensitive materials like photographs, films and electronic records. Supporting the documents that are not strong an d durable e.g. newspaper cuttings, by binding them with cartons or other more durable materials. Isolating the contaminated materials from the public reach, in order to avoid mixing and compromising their health. Open communication and good user relations are a guarantee to proper implementation of the preservation procedures.The staff should be updated on the changes made and be restrained when need arises (p.57).This brings basic understanding and incorporatesthem to be part of the facility. Conservation treatments Conservation treatments are costly but highly effective for safeguarding against damages. The manager should make treatment selections based on an already established criteria that should be uniformly applied (Banks, 2000). If it is an in-house treatment program, then a conservation lab should be established on site or alternatively, a conservator contracted (p.58).The latter is more preferred, since there are fears of limitation ofspace, staff and equipment are charge d with the responsibility making the whole process cost-effective. The priority of applying conservation treatments is to protect the documents for current and long-term provision for access in consultations and research. The strategies applied in conservation treatments include; Mould and pest control The archives traditionally used pesticides and other chemicals to control pestinfestations. There are many hazards however associated with continued use of the pesticides. The chemicals do not control the damage occurring to the materials but deal with the peststhemselves, which may damage the paper based materials. This also poses health hazards to the users; therefore the best mode of pest control has been approved as monitoring of the pests or using an integrated pest management system. Integrated pest management The strategies of the integrated pest management present long term control measures. These measures which provide maintenance and housekeeping environment that ensures tha t pests do not find any hospitable place in the archives (Ellis, 1993).Such activities include inspection,climate control,food restrictions,insect identification,regular cleaning and proper storage conditions (p.28). Managing mould and control The non-chemical means of dealing with mould in the archive like temperature control, relative humidity and air circulation have been proved to be the best effective methods (Ellis, 1993). A relativelyhighhumidity is likely to encourage growth of mould, but controlled air circulation can reduce the risk (p.29). In case the materials are already infected, they should be restored in rooms with a controlled ventilation area, to minimize distortion. Reformatting the materials Preservation of the information is of paramount concern,therefore copying the materials from a paper based medium to a more permanent form, can minimize bulk as it facilitates more access(Banks,2000). Reformatting can serve dual purposes; preservation of the originals, which can be put aside from active utilization, and preservation of the information in a less intrinsic value record which can be destroyed after certification of the film(p.58).Reformatting of the materials involves digitizing the organizations’ records, which have accrued a lot of benefits. These include; Disaster recovery after the occurrence of such disasters, such as fire, floods or earthquakes, it is important to ensure availability. In such a case, scanning the archival important records and storing them in a proper secured and backed up manner might be extremely useful (Podraza, 2012). The sufficient records, which are extremely important to the archive’s existence are protected, avoiding cost and time wastage, as well as considerable efforts required for reconstruction processes of critical information in case the disaster occures (Podraza, 2012). Cost saving and effective -there is no need to acquire and maintain more filling equipment in the archive for storage o f the paper records. Thisminimizes bulk of the paper documents. Real estate savings The Digital initiatives can actually reduce the amount of office space needed, without having to lose access to records (Podraza,2012). With the existing competition for the existing office space, the digitized active records which can be easily accessed online are preferable. it is much more comfortable than filling records in cabinets. This is a way of using the archival space in a more cost-effective manner (Podraza, 2012). Most of archival organizations have shifted to the digital initiatives which minimizes the wide spread accumulation of the records, which makes the facility smarter and economical. Easy retrieval and access -Archival records can be incorporated into an online content management system, providing the staff with a faster and secure and continuous online centralized access, from any location; which allows simultaneous access to information by multiple users from multiple location s(Podraza,2012). Minimal labor costs with improved customer service -Digitizing the archival records will not only minimize the labor costs involved in maintaining large documented records, it will also increases staff productivity (Podraza, 2011). The information is more secure – making the paper records digital and transferring them to a centralized location, with strict access controls and file level permissions, eliminates information insecurity and privacy issues occurring in archival facilities (Podraza, 2012). Archival preservation -When the archive’s historical records are scanned and stored in a web based content management system, they are preserved and easily accessible to members of a working staff and customers (Podraza, 2012). Information sharing -The digitalized mode reduces the paper work, which is labor demanding, therefore facilities’ collaboration and information sharing through work-flow that offers more efficient processing and easy gauging of documents to various units in the archive should be encouraged (Podraza,2012). Preservation measures in the Ireland national archives These are the findings of the measures taken in the preservation of materials in the Ireland national archive: The holding maintenance The archive appreciates the limitations posed on the preservation of resources and thereforethe management is keen on the selection of materials. It avoids duplication and in case of such occurrences, preference is given according to the physical formats, with easy and safe storage.The archive building is well spaced, enough for proper storage of the materials avoiding contamination with already infected materials. The environmental conditions of the archive like temperature and humidity are taken into account; the building is well ventilated with adequate air conditioners and curtains with large curtained windows for light regulation (Ritzenthaler, 2003). Security measures The archive has strong doors with heavy lo cks, which minimizes unwanted intrusion and theft.Materials in the archives are clearly labeled and tagged bearing the institutions’ ownership stamp. The archive building also contains alarms at the corners of each floor, with emergency doors and other escape routes in case of unexpected dangers like fire.The archive has employed several guards for security measures. It alsohas security checkpoints at the entrance and at the exit of the building. Handling of the materials The management has set rules and regulations posted at the entrances, which prohibit the users to eat, smoke or carry clothing and bags into the archive. Most of the materials in use are duplicates of the originals, therefore preserving the original documents.Inside the building, there is a large spacious room specifically dedicated for research and private reading (Mendez, 2007) Conservation treatments The archive has a chemical cabinet in one of the inner rooms which is used for storing chemicals that cont rolling pests. Moreover, the rooms in the building and the storage sections are smartly maintained to minimize pest invasion. Reformatting of the materials All the materials in the paper base medium have been digitalized. This has solved the issue of insecurity and inadequacy of space. Conclusion Preservation is a core function in every collection of records orarchival materials, which helps ensure continuity and availability of information for the present and future generations. References Banks, AK 2000, Principles of archive preservation. Books society publications, Washington. Ellis, J1993, Keeping archives. Thorpe Ltd, Port Melbourne. Forde, H 2007, Preserving archives. Facet-publishing, New York. Mendez, A 2007, The old, the valuable and the future. Oxford University Press, London. Podraza, P 2012, Becoming digital. Winepress publishing, New York. Proni, AJ 2007, Preservation of records. Willey and sons, New York:. Ritzenthaler, G 2003, National archives and records administr ation. Brooks publications, Washington.

5 Ways to Handle a Racist Family Member

5 Ways to Handle a Racist Family Member It’s no secret that family gatherings can cause stress and lead to conflict, especially if some family members have racial views that youre staunchly against. What’s the best way to proceed when a loved one seems not only small-minded but outright racist? Don’t suffer in silence through one family gathering after another. You can take several steps to stop the Archie Bunker of the family in his tracks. These strategies include setting boundaries and calling attention to the racist behavior. Be Direct Confrontations are never easy. That said, if you don’t want to listen to your parents or siblings rattle off racial stereotypes every Thanksgiving, the direct approach is necessary. How will your family members understand that you find their behavior offensive unless you tell them? The moment your sister makes a racial joke or uses a racial stereotype, tell her that you’d appreciate it if she didn’t make such jokes or racial generalizations in front of you. If you believe that calling out your relative in front of others will make her more defensive, ask to speak to her privately and then make your feelings known. If your family member uses a racial slur in front of you, request that she doesn’t use such epithets in your presence. Do so in a calm, firm voice. Make your request short and then move on. Don’t attack your family member’s character. Just let her know that her comments make you uncomfortable. Get Help What if this family member intimidates you if he’s an elder or an in-law and you aren’t comfortable calling attention to the behavior you find inappropriate? Find a relative you feel more comfortable with and request that he accompany you as you confront the family member you believe is offensive. Tell the insensitive family member that you love and appreciate him but find his views on race hurtful. Alternatively, if your grandfather has made remarks you consider racially insensitive, you might want to ask your parent to speak with him about his behavior. If your father-in-law is the party in question, ask your spouse to confront him about his language and attitudes concerning race. If no one else in your family will serve as an ally, consider taking a less direct approach to confronting your relative. Write a brief letter or email informing him that you find his comments hurtful and asking him to refrain from such remarks in the future. Don’t Argue Whatever you do, don’t get into a debate with your relative. Agree to disagree with this family member about race rather than listening to her argument about why her racial stereotypes are valid and you’re too politically correct. Stick to the following script: â€Å"I find your comments hurtful. Please don’t make these remarks in front of me again.† Arguing with the relative will likely be a waste of time. The family member will be on the defensive and you will be on the offensive. Meanwhile, you will have convinced her of little or nothing about racial sensitivity. Focus on your feelings about the relative’s comments rather than on the validity of her beliefs. Set Consequences Depending on your situation, you might have to set guidelines with your relative. Say, for example, that you have children. Do you want your children to hear the comments by your family member? If not, let your relatives know that if they make bigoted remarks in your children’s presence you will leave the family gathering at once. If your relatives routinely make such comments, let them know that you will skip family gatherings with them altogether. This is an especially important move if you’re in an interracial relationship or have multiracial children who will feel targeted by your family members’ comments. Try Outside Influences You probably wont open your relatives’ eyes about race by arguing with them about the issue, but you can take steps to influence them that they might go along with. Organize a family trip to a museum with a social justice focus. Have a movie night at your house and screen films addressing issues of racial inequity or showing minority groups in a positive light. Start a family book club and select anti-racist literature.

Treatment plan for Paranoid- type Schizophrenia Case Study

Treatment plan for Paranoid- type Schizophrenia - Case Study Example The paper tells that the goals of treatment for paranoid- type schizophrenia emphasize the promotion of safety of the client and other involved people, ensuring proper nutrition, enhancing therapeutic relationship between the client and the therapist, and prevention of complications associated with medications and inappropriate social behavior. Recent developments in mental health research stress out the importance of treating the client as an individual case rather than as part of the general afflicted population. In considering the treatment plan in this particular scenario, the psychiatric diagnosis may be complicated with the consideration of the client’s current substance abuse. Since substance abuse appears to be co- morbid for this client’s case, prescription of medications should consider all aspects that could hinder the client’s adherence to the regimen. When the climax of the appearance of signs and symptoms starts to stabilize, assistance may be neede d to facilitate the client’s reintegration to the society. In this phase of treatment, follow- up care should facilitate the participation of the client’s family to identify early signs and symptoms of relapse. Since the client is potentially harmful to herself and others, safety should be regarded as the highest priority. Based on the initial assessment performed in the clinic, the client looked paranoid and seemed to be threatened by her new environment. At this moment, it is important that the therapist approach the client in a non threatening manner. Furthermore, the therapist should also be careful not to sound authoritarian as it may increase the client’s stress level. Space is a vital component to be considered especially in the early phase of interventions (Videbect, 2007). With the status of the client, preemptive measures should include securing a physician’s order for administering medication to control potentially injurious behaviors. Moreover , the therapist should continue to observe signs of escalating aggression such as pacing, kicking, and yelling. A quiet and less stimulating environment may be helpful in calming the client. However, seclusion and other forms of restraints may also be needed in heightened situations. Evaluation of this intervention is concurrent and does not end until the client demonstrates full recovery. The therapist should be careful in deciding whether the client has fully achieved a mental status at a functional level. Research has suggested that the client’s report of feeling a sense of well- being is never an assurance that the risk for self- injury has subsided (Videbect, 2007). Management of medications and side effects Another important aspect regarding the establishment and maintenance of safety for the client is the careful monitoring of the adverse effects of medications (Valenstein et al., 2011). Potent psychotropic drugs may affect the organ function, especially the liver and kidneys, of clients on prolonged therapy. BUN and liver enzymes monitoring should be part of the treatment regimen to ensure that the client maintains a safe level of the medication. Other minor side effects like frequent urination, constipation, dry mouth, and photosensitivity may affect the client’s adherence to prescribed therapy. Most patients initiating antipsychotic medications tend to terminate the regimen within the first few months of treatment (Olfson et al., 2007). Studies have shown that failure to follow the prescribed medications for mental health conditions is the most common cause of relapse of psychotic symptoms and subsequent hospital readmission (Videbect, 2007). With proper adherence to the prescribed therapy, the client is expected to attain a functional recovery and lead a normal life. Actually, the client’s adherence to the prescribed regimen may be facilitated by the therapist in various ways.

The Importance of Progression Planning and Retaining Human Resources Essay

The Importance of Progression Planning and Retaining Human Resources Within Hong Kong Construction Organizations - Essay Example From this study it is clear that macau has a large demand for construction workers because of the opening up of the gaming industry with a record 10,000 Hong Kong construction workers being employed in Macau in 2008. China has been employing Hong Kong surveyors, architects and engineers extensively. The relocation of construction talent to China and Macau is due to the opportunity to work on high-profile, large and iconic projects at these destinations. Apart from China and Macau, Singapore and Malaysia have also been competing for skilled engineers based in Hong Kong. The manpower needs in the sector in Hong Kong is expected to grow at 1.9 percent annually by 2018. However, Hong Kong has not demonstrated change in the use of technology in the sector while safely and quality continues to be an issue. This has impacted the local labor market in Hong Kong as higher incentives and pay structure have become essential to attract talent in the industry. Major construction projects such as railways and housing have been conceived but the retirement of the ageing workers and the reluctance of the younger generation to join the industry are some of the other challenges for the sector in Hong Kong. The Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors has released a statement in February 2014 that skilled shortage in the Hong Kong construction market is high among quality surveyors, bricklayers, carpenters and joiners. Despite technological changes the Hong Kong construction industry continues to be labor-intensive and crafts based.